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Latest Depression Treatments

If your depression doesn't improve through psychotherapy and antidepressants new medications that respond quickly could be able to treat depression that is resistant to treatment.

SSRIs, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are the most frequently prescribed and well-known antidepressants. These work by changing how depression Is treated the brain processes serotonin, a chemical messenger.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps you change negative thoughts and behavior like hopelessness. It's available through the NHS for 8 to 16 sessions.

1. Esketamine

The FDA approved a new treatment options for depression for depression in March 2019 which is a nasal spray dubbed esketamine (brand name Spravato). It is derived from the anesthetic, the ketamine. It has been proven to be effective in cases of severe depression. The nasal spray works with an oral antidepressant to treat depression that has not responded to standard medications. In one study 70 percent of patients with treatment-resistant depression who were treated with the drug showed good results with a much more rapid response rate than only an oral antidepressant.

Esketamine is different from standard antidepressants. It raises levels of naturally occurring chemicals in the brain, known as neurotransmitters, that relay messages between brain cells. The results aren't immediate. Patients typically feel a little better after a couple of days however, the effects last much longer than with SSRIs or SNRIs, which may take anywhere from weeks to months to show results.

Researchers believe that esketamine reduces symptoms of alternative depression treatment options by enhancing the connections between brain cells. In animal studies, esketamine reversed these connections which are weakened through depression and chronic stress. It also appears to boost the development of neurons that could help to reduce suicidal ideas and feelings.

Another reason esketamine stands out from other antidepressants is the fact that it is delivered through a nasal spray that allows it to enter the bloodstream faster than a pill or oral medication can. It has been proven to decrease depression symptoms within a matter of hours, and in certain individuals, the effects are almost immediate.

A recent study that tracked patients for 16 weeks revealed that not all patients who started treatment with esketamine were actually in the remission phase. This is disappointing, but not surprising, according to Dr. Amit A. Anand an expert in ketamine who was not involved in the study.

Esketamine is only available in private practice or clinical trials. Esketamine is not a first-line option to treat depression. It is prescribed when SSRIs and SNRIs don't help a patient suffering from treatment-resistant depression. The doctor will determine if the condition is resistant to treatment, and then determine whether esketamine may be beneficial.

2. TMS

TMS utilizes magnetic fields to stimulate brain nerve cells. It is non-invasive and does not require anesthesia or surgery. It has been shown to aid people suffering from depression who have not responded to medication or psychotherapy. It has also been used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder and tinnitus (ringing in the ears).

For depression, TMS therapy is typically delivered in a series of 36 daily treatments over six weeks. The magnetic pulses may feel like pinpricks on the scalp. It can take time to become accustomed to. After an appointment, patients can return to work or go home. Each TMS session can last between 3.5 minutes and 20 minutes, based on the pattern of stimulation.

Researchers believe that rTMS can alter the way neurons communicate. This process is known as neuroplasticity. It lets the brain form new connections and change how it functions.

TMS is FDA approved for treating depression in cases when other treatments like medication and talk therapy have failed. It has also proven to be effective in treating tinnitus as well as OCD. Researchers are examining whether it could also be used to treat anxiety and Parkinson's disease.

While a variety of studies have proven that TMS can reduce depression, not everyone who receives the treatment experiences a benefit. It is crucial to have a thorough psychiatric and medical evaluation prior to beginning this kind of treatment. TMS is not for you if you have a history or a history of certain medications.

A conversation with your doctor can be beneficial if you are experiencing depression but aren't experiencing any positive results from the treatment you are currently receiving. You could be eligible for the TMS trial or other forms of neurostimulation. However, you need to first try several antidepressants before your insurance company will cover the cost. If you are interested in knowing more about these life-changing treatments, call us today to schedule a consultation. Our experts can help you through the process of determining if TMS is the right option for you.

3. deep depression treatment stimulation of the brain

A non-invasive treatment that resets the brain circuitry could be effective in just one week for patients suffering from depression that is resistant to treatment. Researchers have developed new techniques that permit them to deliver high-dose electromagnetic pulses to the brain in a shorter amount of time and on a schedule that is more suitable for patients.

Stanford neuromodulation therapy (SNT) SNT, which is now available at the UC Davis Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences' Advanced Psychiatric Therapeutics Clinic utilizes MRI imaging to guide electrodes which send magnetic pulses to targeted areas in the brain. In a recent study, Mitra and Raichle observed that in three-quarters of patients suffering from depression, the normal flow of neural activity from the anterior cingulate cortex to the anterior insula was reversed. With SNT the flow of neural activity returned to normal within a week, and coincided with a reduction in their depression.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an even more extensive procedure, can cause similar results in some patients. Neurosurgeons perform a series of tests to determine the ideal placement before implanting one or more leads inside the brain. The leads are connected by the neurostimulator. It is placed beneath the collarbone. It appears like a pacemaker. The device supplies continuous electrical current to the leads, which alters the brain's natural circuitry and reduces depression symptoms.

Certain psychotherapy treatments can help alleviate depression symptoms, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and interpersonal therapy. Psychotherapy can be offered in one-on-one sessions with an expert in mental health or in a group setting. Some therapists also offer Telehealth services.

Antidepressants are still the cornerstone of treatment for depression. In recent times, however, there have been some notable improvements in the speed at which they can help alleviate symptoms of depression. Newer drugs, such as gepirone (Exxua), esketamine (Spravato), brexanolone (Zulresso) and dextromethorphan-bupropion (Auvelity), all have been shown to work faster than older antidepressants.

Other treatments employ electric or magnetic stimulation to stimulate the brain, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). These are more complicated procedures that require a doctor's supervision. In certain instances, they may cause seizures and other serious adverse side effects.

4. Light therapy

Bright light therapy, which entails sitting or working in front of a bright artificial light source, has been proven for a long time to help with major depression treatment depressive disorder and seasonal patterns (SAD). Studies show that it can relieve symptoms such as fatigue and sadness by regulating circadian rhythm patterns and enhancing mood. It also aids people who suffer from depression, which occurs and disappears.

Light therapy works by mimicking sunlight, which is a crucial component of the biological clock known as the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The SCN is linked to mood and light therapy may change the patterns of circadian rhythms which can cause depression. In addition, light can reduce melatonin levels and improve the neurotransmitters' function.

Some doctors employ light therapy to treat winter blues. This is a milder version of depression that is similar to SAD, but only is more common and occurs during the times of year that have the least amount light. They suggest sitting in the light therapy box each morning for 30 minutes while awake to reap the maximum benefit. Light therapy can produce results within one week, unlike antidepressants which can take a few weeks to begin working and can cause adverse effects like nausea or weight gain. It's also safe during pregnancy and for those who are older.

Researchers caution against using light therapy under the supervision of an expert in mental health or psychiatrist, since it may cause manic episodes in those with bipolar disorders. Some people may experience fatigue during the first week, as light therapy can alter their sleep-wake pattern.

PCPs should be aware of the new treatments that have been approved by the FDA however, they shouldn't be ignoring tried-and-true approaches like antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy. "The pursuit of newer and better is exciting, but we should keep focusing on the most effective treatments," Dr. Hellerstein says to Healio. He suggests PCPs must educate their patients on the benefits of new treatments as well as assist them in sticking to their treatment plans. This can include arranging for transportation to their doctor's appointment or setting reminders to take medication and attend therapy sessions.